संस्कृत-व्याकरणम्

In Sanskrit literature, one comes across many words formed by using this क्त्वा-प्रत्यय affixed to various धातु-s. Because this क्त्वा-प्रत्यय affixes to धातु-s, क्त्वा is basically a कृत्-प्रत्यय. Hence words formed by affixing क्त्वा to different धातु-s can be called as their क्त्वा-कृदन्त-s or simply क्त्वान्त-s. सूत्रम् (1'1'40) क्त्वातोसुन्कसुनः [bringing forward अव्ययम् from (1'1'37)] means "The words ending in the affixes क्त्वा, (तोसुन् and कसुन्), are अव्यय-s, indeclinables. (The तोसुँन्-प्रत्यय: and कसुँन्-प्रत्यय: are used only in the वेद-s"). Most common use of क्त्वा-कृदन्त-s is clear from the meanings भूत्वा (= having been) कृत्वा (= having done) स्थित्वा (= having stood up) गत्वा (= having gone) नत्वा (= having bent OR having bowed) दृष्ट्वा (= having seen). In English grammar, the phrases such as “having seen”, contain the auxiliary “having” and the past passive participle “seen”. The क्त्वा-प्रत्यय serves both the functions, that of th...